Jaccoud’s Arthropathy
Jaccoud’s Arthropathy is a condition that affects the joints and tendons in the hips, knees, and ankles. This disorder can lead to inflammation, pain, and loss of mobility. Several causes of this condition include autoimmune disease, infection, and degeneration. It is important to recognize the symptoms, diagnose the condition, and treat it correctly.
Description
Jaccoud’s arthropathy is a rare form of chronic arthritis. This condition usually affects the joints of the hands and feet. It is also thought to be related to connective tissue diseases. However, despite this, there are no reliable and valid classification criteria. Therefore, there is a need to perform further investigation.
Jaccoud’s arthropathy can be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and hypermobility syndrome. It can also be present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, it can be present in other conditions including neoplasia and infections.
The diagnosis of Jaccoud’s arthropathy requires a careful physical examination. Physical manipulation of the joint can restore its normal alignment. If the patient does not respond to the treatment, surgery may be considered. Surgeons can re-align the soft tissues surrounding the joints. They can use arthrodesis or arthroplasty to restore the deformity.
X-rays are rarely useful in diagnosing Jaccoud’s arthropathy. Typically, radiographs show the presence of ulnar subluxation or ulnar deviation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. However, they are less likely to reveal bone erosions. Alternatively, high-resolution ultrasonic examinations are available to evaluate the hand and wrist. These tests can be used in addition to plain radiographs.
Although the causes of Jaccoud’s arthropathy are unknown, some researchers have suggested that it is associated with a number of connective tissue diseases, rheumatic diseases, and even infections. For example, Diaz-Jouanen E, Kallenberg CGM, and hypocomplementemia urticarial vasculitis have been associated with JA.
In the present study, 50 patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy were studied. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, a control group and a treatment group. The treatment group received HILT in addition to physical therapy.
In the control group, patients were given routine physical therapy. Compared with the treatment group, the control group had a lower Jaccoud’s arthropathy index score. Those with an index score of more than five points were classified as having erosive arthropathy.
Jaccoud’s arthritis can be a chronic deformity and may be treated with non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, surgery is not effective in the treatment of this condition.
Radiological aspects
Jaccoud’s arthropathy is a type of deforming, non-erosive arthritis. It was first described as a rare complication of recurrent rheumatic fever. However, the disease has also been associated with other rheumatic conditions, as well as connective tissue diseases.
The aetiology of Jaccoud’s arthropathy remains unclear. It is believed to be due to the loosening of the periarticular structures, which may include ligaments and tendons. Despite the lack of a definitive aetiological explanation, the condition is known to have an association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Jaccoud’s arthropathy presents with deformity and muscle imbalance. Deformities are typically seen in the hands but can occur in other joints. Ulnar deviation, the swan neck, and Z thumb deformities are the most common deformities.
X-rays are often used for diagnostic purposes. They rarely show small bone erosions, but show degenerative changes in the joints of the hand. Depending on the degree of deformity, patients are classified as having mild or severe deforming arthropathy. Patients with deformities are then sub-classified into erosive and non-erosive arthropathy.
Jaccoud’s swan neck deformity is most commonly seen on the right hand, but it is possible for the condition to affect the left hand. This can be caused by a range of factors, including rheumatoid arthritis, malignancy, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, Jaccoud’s arthropathy has been shown to be associated with other connective tissue diseases, such as sarcoidosis.
Jaccoud’s rheumatic arthropathy is characterized by ulnar deviation and swan neck deformity, but it can present with many other joint deformities. In addition, its symptoms resemble those of rheumatoid arthritis, and the condition has been associated with many rheumatic disorders. Several authors have suggested that it could be related to hypermobility syndrome.
For years, JA was considered to be a delayed manifestation of rheumatic fever. However, recent studies have demonstrated a link between JA and systemic lupus erythematosus.
There is a need for further investigation into the causes of Jaccoud’s arthropathy. Further study should determine the etiopathogenic mechanisms, as well as identify whether Jaccoud’s arthropathy can be treated successfully. While surgical methods have proven ineffective, a passive approach can be used to correct the deformity.
Diagnosis
Jaccoud’s arthropathy is a disease associated with a range of connective tissue disorders. It is also known as lupus hand and can affect the feet, wrists, hands and ankles. The syndrome is characterised by the deformation of the joints and tendons.
Jaccoud’s arthropathy was initially described as a complication of recurrent rheumatic fever. Later, it was classified as a deforming arthropathy based on the Spronk index. Symptoms include multiple non-erosive subluxations of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. In addition, scapholunate dissociation, ulnar translocation, Z-thumb, and hallux valgus are common features.
Most cases of Jaccoud’s arthropathy are benign, but several have been reported as being malignant. In some cases, the joints are rehabilitated passively. However, aggressive surgical procedures have not been proven effective in this disorder. Nevertheless, current therapy consists of non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials, and methotrexate.
In addition, the diagnosis of Jaccoud’s arthropathy has been based on the presence of serological studies, which exclude other causes of joint deformity. Patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy present with higher levels of IL-6 and dsDNA antibodies. Some investigators believe that Jaccoud’s arthropathy may be a subgroup of SLE.
Several rheumatic diseases have been associated with Jaccoud’s arthropathy, but the cause is not known. A recent study by Mizutani and Reilly identified a significant association between Jaccoud’s arthropathy and foot deformities.
MRI of the hands revealed capsular swelling in all patients. Radiographs showed a mild ulnar translocation in one male patient. Other radiographs, including those of the wrist, showed a severe ulnar translocation in the other male patient. X-ray films of the MCP joints showed hook-like erosions.
Although the pathogenesis of Jaccoud’s arthropathy remains unknown, it has been shown to be associated with sarcoidosis and malignancy. Although the occurrence of rheumatic fever is not a frequent feature, it is thought to be a predisposing factor.
Although a correctable deformity, Jaccoud’s arthropathy does not cause further disability for patients with valvular heart disease. Therefore, it is expected to be similar to other similar rheumatic disorders, such as RA. Currently, conservative therapy is used. Despite this, aggressive procedures need to be proved.
Treatment
Jaccoud’s arthropathy is a reversible deformity of the joints characterized by the ulnar deviation of the fingers. It is often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its symptomology and aetiology resemble rheumatoid arthritis. However, unlike RA, JA is not associated with obliteration of the joint spaces, and it is rarely accompanied by swelling. Instead, a number of soft-tissue abnormalities are involved, and it involves the joint capsule, the periarticular tissues, and the tendons.
In contrast to RA, JA has been associated with a number of other rheumatic diseases, including concomitant non-rheumatic valvular disease, hypocomplementemia urticarial vasculitis, and idiopathic retroprion fibrosis. Because of its rarity, it is not fully understood and it requires further investigation.
In the present study, 50 patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group was treated with HILT in addition to physical therapy, and the second group received routine physical therapy. All participants had recent X-ray films. They were then assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index. These scores were compared to those of the non-deforming arthropathy group. Compared to the non-deforming arthropathy patients, the JA group had lower quality of life. Moreover, the duration of the disease was significantly longer in the JA group than in the non-deforming arthropathy.
While radiographic films did not reveal any erosions, a bone irregularity was seen in a few patients. One patient had metatarsophalangeal joint subluxations, and another had juxta-articular osteopenia. Several authors have suggested a connection between JA and hypermobility syndrome.
Although a single-centre study is insufficient to provide a definitive diagnosis and cure for Jaccoud’s arthropathy, future multicentre studies are needed to better understand its pathogenesis and preventive measures.
Patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy typically experience ulnar deviations of the digits, a gooseneck deformity, and ulnar deviation of the metacarpophalangeal joints. Other features of the disorder include the presence of hook-like erosions and the loosening of periarticular structures. This type of arthropathy is also believed to be related to ligamentous laxity.
Although the clinical symptoms of Jaccoud’s arthropathy are similar to those of RA, there is a difference in the way the two disorders are treated. As with other rheumatic diseases, a diagnosis is based on a physical examination and the absence of erosive changes on X-rays.
Jaccoud arthropathy – Wikipedia
Jaccoud’s arthropathy: a rare but well-known clinical entity – PMC (nih.gov)